E Ink display

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[edit] E Ink Display Specifications

Updated for E Ink Vizplex imaging film with a screen contrast of 7:1. The newer E Ink Pearl display increases contrast to 10:1 while the latest E Ink Carta can reach 15:1. See also E Ink Triton‎‎ for the color display and E Ink Mobius for a flexible display.

[edit] Optical

Vizplex Pearl Carta
White State Reflectivity: 40% (typical) 70% (minimum) 74%
Dark State Reflectivity 24% (maximum) 19%
Contrast Ratio: 7:1 (typical) 10:1 (minimum) 15:1
Viewing Angle: 180° near 180° near 180°
Reflective 40.7% (minimum) 44%
Grayscale Capability: 4-bit (16 gray levels) 4-bit, 16 gray levels 4-bit
Image Update Time: 740 ms (grayscale mode)
260 ms (1-bit mode)
600 ms (grayscale)
120 ms (1 bit)
450 ms (grayscale)
120 ms (1 bit)
Resolution 200 ppi max 200 ppi plus 300 ppi plus

In actual practice the grayscale capability is up to the controller hardware and can range from 4 levels to 16 levels in currently shipped devices. The black and white, single bit mode, is called the A2 mode. It is much faster as shown above.

[edit] Mechanical / Dimensional for 6" Display

Pixel Count: 800 x 600 (SVGA) 167 ppi
Pixel Size: rectangular, 151 x 153 micron
Active Area: 122.4 x 90.6 mm (4.8" x 3.6")
152.3 mm (6 inches) diagonal
Display Thickness: 1.25 mm
Display Weight: 35 g

[edit] Other display sizes

13.3" (271 x 203 mm, 10.67" x 8.0") 1600 x 1200 pixels, 150 ppi and 2200 x 1650, 207 ppi (Carta)
10.2" (207 x 155 mm, 8.15" x 6.1") 1280 x 1024 pixels, 158 ppi, for example: iRex Digital Reader
9.7" (203 x 139.5 mm, 8.0" x 5.5") 1200 x 825 pixels, 150 ppi; 1600 x 1200, 200 ppi; and 2400 x 1650, 300 ppi
Some examples include:
The Boox NoteS uses 9.7" screen 150 dpi Carta
The Kindle DX uses 150 dpi, later model had Pearl screen
The Hanvon WISEReader E920 uses 200 dpi Pearl
8.0" (162.6 x 121.9 mm, 6.4" x 4.8") 1024 x 768, 160 ppi and 1600 × 1200, 250 ppi (Pearl) and 1920 x 1440, 300 ppi (Carta)
6.8" (137.2 x 104.1 mm, 5.4" x 4.1") 1440 × 1080, 265 ppi
6.0" (122.4 x 90.6 mm, 4.8" x 3.6") 800 x 600, 167 ppi and 1024 x 768, 213 ppi (Pearl) and 1448 x 1072, 300ppi (Carta)
5.0" (101.5 x 76.1 mm, 4.0" x 3.0") 800 x 600, 200 ppi

Available sizes range from 2" to 13.3" diagonal.

[edit] Environmental

Operating Temperature Range: 0 — 50 C (32 — 122 F)
Storage Temperature Range: -27 — 70 C (-17 — 158 F)

[edit] Electrical

Supply Voltage: 2.7—3.3 V DC
Power Consumption: Active update peak: 1800 mW
Active update typical: 750 mW
Standby typical: 1 mW

[edit] E Ink controllers

The current controllers

  • Apollo is the original controller and is still popular and used on many readers.
  • IRex builds their own custom controller offering 16 levels of Grayscale.
  • Marvell builds a custom controller for their line of ARM processors.

Here is a discussion of interfacing to these controllers for Linux applications.

[edit] Notes on earlier E Ink devices.

The oldest display technology had 4 level gray scale and slower update times of 1000 ms for grayscale and 500 ms for 1-bit mode. Towards the end (late 2007) they increased the grayscale level to 8 using 3 bits. These were primarily 6" devices with 167 ppi, 800 x 600 pixels. They also had less reflectivity. This causes these devices to appear less white (light grey background) and have less contrast. The specifications are listed below:

White State Reflectivity: 37% (typical)
Contrast Ratio: 8:1 (typical)
Viewing Angle: 170 degree
Grayscale Capability: 2-bit (4 gray levels)
Image Update Time: 1000 ms (grayscale mode)
500 ms (1-bit mode)

EBook readers using this screen include the Sony Librie and the Hanlin V8. The iRex iLiad, on the other hand, uses a custom display controller that achieves 16 levels of grayscale. They also used an 8.1" display featuring a 1024 x 768 pixel display.

See also E-paper and E Ink

[edit] Review of electronic ink

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